Images of Egypt in Early Biblical Literature: ...
Stephen C. Russell
He suggests that Jeroboam II was a much more likely candidate for patronizing Bethel, and that the anti‐Bethel polemic reflected in 1 Kgs 12:25–33 is likely a projection back into history in the context of the competition between Bethel and Jerusalem in the seventh through fifth centuries B.C.E. (cf. 2 Kgs 17:28). Sara Milstein also questions the date of 1 Kgs 12:25–33 and suggests that the exodus formula it contains is secondary to the context.41 Juha Pakkala has argued on literary ...