The Yearbook of European Environmental Law
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Thijs Etty, Han Somsen. Thirdly and finally, environmental regulation has gone through a number of distinct phases, from command-and-control in the 1970s and 1980s, to self-regulation in the 1980s and 1990s, to reflexive and ''smart'' forms of (co)regulation more recently. In fact, of the four modalities of regulation associated with Lessig (hierarchy, society, market, and code),16 environmental scholars and regulators have enthusiastically explored the first three with varying degrees of ...